Economic diversity, as well as social diversity and the building fabric, are influenced by the ground plan. In our case studies in different boroughs of New York, a denser ground plan—measured by the combined pattern of streets, street blocks, plots and buildings—coexists with higher establishment density and greater diversity across activity sectors. Indeed, not only do we observe a larger number of establishments, but we also find that around two-thirds of the economic sectors are represented, with retail trade, accommodation and food services being particularly dominant. New York is also known for its very small businesses, which form a core part of the city’s identity. The ground plan can contribute to strengthening this structural economic feature, facilitating the emergence of small businesses and, in turn, adding vibrancy to neighbourhoods and communities. This fosters decent work opportunities and enables economic self-determination.