This chapter offers a theoretical overview introducing this section on the role of women in the context of war. We first explain the gender lens applied to the historical analysis of war in an academic context in which masculine frameworks of analysis remain strong, despite the years-long feminist work pushing for a necessary gender perspective. We then look into the different aspects of women’s role in wars, drawing upon the contributions included in this book. These include the question of gender identities for victims and perpetrators of violence or the private and public spaces experienced by women, implying changes in their political implication. Moreover, we delve upon motherhood and how women’s actions rely on networks. As illustrated by the different chapters of this part, the question of women’s body is also central. Finally, we suggest that the gender lens implies deep changes in the frameworks of analysis, including the often taken for granted notion of time in historical analysis.