While Greece is in a stalemate, a fresh wind blows from the new Cretan StateCretan State, where a major town planning legislative initiative appears in 1901. In Greece, following a military coup against the royal regime, a new liberal political movement emerges and an innovating spirit takes over under a very competent leadership. In the West, it is the time of major changes in planning ideas, expressed, e.g., in the work of Ebenezer HowardHoward and Patrick GeddesGeddes. Planning in Britain, France and Germany is on a new path, in terms both of legislation and its orientation in original directions. These new developments are the subject of this chapter. In Greece the effect of new directions is delayed by the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, its involvement in the Great War, the integration of the regions of EpirusEpirus, MacedoniaMacedoniaand ThraceThrace, the disastrous 1922 Asia MinorAsia Minor war against Turkey, and the displacement to Greece of 1,3 million refugees. In spite of these dire conditions, the liberal opening to new ideas, the cooperation of French and English planners, and the work of Greek planners educated in the West, leads to the Legislative Decree of 1923 on the plans of cities, towns and settlements. The tragedy of a wildfire which ravaged the centre of the newly liberated city of ThessalonikiThessaloniki also caused the introduction of new planning methods.