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During embryogenesis, the development of the neurocranium and splanchnocranium starts very early (Scheuer L. et al., Developmental juvenile osteology. Academic Press. Elsevier, London, 2018). In this chapter, we will present the most accredited theories and research studies although all the physiopathologic mechanisms are not fully understood. Bone formation of the neurocranium and splanchnocranium are described, both in normal foetuses and in syndromic foetuses, taking the trisomy 21 mice model into account. These are the premises to understanding the cranial abnormalities seen in the heterogeneous chapter on craniosynostosis.

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Skull Development: Normal Findings and Craniosynostosis

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Gabriele Tonni,
  • Lucia Rosignoli,
  • Gianpaolo Grisolia,
  • Alberto Borges Peixoto,
  • Edward Araujo Júnior,
  • Liliam Cristine Rolo,
  • Waldo Sepulveda

摘要

During embryogenesis, the development of the neurocranium and splanchnocranium starts very early (Scheuer L. et al., Developmental juvenile osteology. Academic Press. Elsevier, London, 2018). In this chapter, we will present the most accredited theories and research studies although all the physiopathologic mechanisms are not fully understood. Bone formation of the neurocranium and splanchnocranium are described, both in normal foetuses and in syndromic foetuses, taking the trisomy 21 mice model into account. These are the premises to understanding the cranial abnormalities seen in the heterogeneous chapter on craniosynostosis.