In this chapter, we present the Government of India's actions for the conservation of the Ramsar wetlands across the nation under different policy frameworks. Consequently, we assessed the socio-economic importance of these sites in regional community development and biodiversity conservation. Further, we describe the various datasets and methodologies used for continuous monitoring of the wetlands, such as water quality, health, and threats, using the Google Earth Engine, artificial intelligence, machine learning techniques, etc. Lastly, we present the criteria and statistical assessment techniques for the assessment of water quality and wetland health, along with the limitations of the datasets and methodologies described.