Learning is an important part of the growth of a population because it allows a country to grow individually and as a society. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance and learning of students in primary education has been reduced because of obstacles and new teaching methods and resources that had to be implemented in the pandemic context. This research implemented augmented reality through social networks to improve mathematics learning for elementary education students. The development of this research was based on the cascade model, which has proven effective when working with augmented reality for education. This methodology consists of 5 phases: requirements, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. For the collection of research results, two instruments were applied to two groups of students: a control group that did not use augmented reality in the teaching method and an experimental group that did use augmented reality: (i) For the mathematical evaluation instrument, the control group obtained an average of 10.10 out of 20 points, while the experimental group had an average of 14.43, with an improvement of 42.87%. (ii) The questionnaire instrument had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.858, which validated the reliability of the 20 questionnaire items. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test obtained a value of 0.879, so the results had a normal distribution. Pearson’s correlation test yielded a coefficient of 0.511, indicating a moderate and significant positive relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Thus, we conclude that the proposed method improves the mathematics learning of elementary school students using augmented reality.