The ongoing global energy transition is gradually replacing traditional fossil fuels with clean, renewable energy sources, with solar energy emerging as a key player. A central challenge lies in optimizing solar energy’s efficiency and rational use. Integrating photovoltaic (PV) technologies into buildings has recently accelerated, particularly with Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) facade systems. These systems serve as structural elements of the building and offer a significantly larger light collection area than traditional rooftop PV systems, resulting in higher energy output. However, the performance of BIPV facade systems is susceptible to external environmental factors, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, making it challenging to quantify energy generation accurately. This study adopts an integrated approach, combining field experiments with simulations to assess the impact of various factors on power generation. The experimental and simulation results are mutually validated, and a power generation model is developed based on the research data, accounting for the synergistic effects of multiple factors. This research provides valuable guidance for designing and optimizing BIPV facade systems, facilitating solar energy’s efficient and cost-effective utilization.