In this study, the fracture morphology and three-dimensional properties of the fracture surface under different fracturing conditions were explored by conducting supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) shock dynamic fracturing experiments and SC-CO2 quasi-static fracturing experiments on 100 mm-scale shale samples. SC-CO2 was used as the fracturing medium in the experiments, and high-precision scanning technology was utilized to obtain the three-dimensional data of the fracture surface after fracturing, and to calculate the roughness, fractal dimension and other key geometric parameters of the fracture surface. The results show that the surface section roughness of shale indoor fracturing real experiments is low, the fluctuation undulation is small, and there is a large discrepancy with the field data; the undulation of the fracture surface of polymerized fracturing is larger, but the overall surface area is small, the degree of shear resistance is small, and the roughness of the fracture surface shows a weak anisotropy. This study not only provides new data support for the fracturing mechanism of SC-CO2 in shale reservoirs, but also verifies the effectiveness of roughness analysis in fracture characterization, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the fracturing process in CCUS technology.