The evaluation and optimization of carbon dioxide adsorption capture system is a multi-objective problem. Based on the process system engineering analysis method, considering “simultaneous optimization of multi-objectives”, this study employs the Probability-Based Multi-objective Optimization method to analyze the design and manufacturing procedures of process equipment. Choosing equipment materials as an unbeneficial type of performance indicator based on corrosion allowance, production mode as a beneficial type of performance indicator, and the impact of systemic thermal energy storage on carbon emissions was comparatively analyzed. A multi-objective simultaneous optimization analysis method was constructed for material selection economy, low carbonization of production process and system energy consumption optimization. The analysis shows that, the use of clad materials combining Q235 low carbon steel and 316L high chromium nickel austenitic steel, can reduce material procurement costs while meeting equipment design conditions and service life requirements. The adoption of a unit module design and production, along with optimizing energy use within the system, such as storing heat in the cooling unit and using it for equipment pipeline insulation can enhance economics of the system and decrease process carbon emissions.