This chapter examines the multidimensional nature of financial exclusion in Africa, exploring its causes and broader socioeconomic implications. Despite growing access to digital financial services, millions remain unbanked or underbanked, especially women, rural dwellers, and informal workers. The chapter unpacks the key dimensions of exclusion: access, usage, and quality. It further identifies structural drivers including poverty, lack of identification, geographic distance from financial institutions, and low levels of trust in formal systems. Drawing on data, regional comparisons, and real-world case studies, the analysis highlights how exclusion reinforces vulnerability, limits enterprise development, and undermines investments in human capital. Financial exclusion is positioned not only as a development concern but also as a fundamental barrier to equity and economic empowerment. The chapter concludes by advocating for systemic approaches that embed financial services within livelihoods, social protection systems, and foundational public infrastructure.