This chapter delves into the intricacies of direct government contributions to culture, examining the legitimacy, financial mechanisms and levels of spending in an international context. It highlights how public funding of the arts reflects governmental values, priorities and administrative structures. The study explores various forms of government intervention, focusing on the different ways of direct spending and its impact. It addresses the economic, social and political justifications for public investment in culture, such as efficiency, equity and national identity protection. The document also discusses the impact of cultural policies on different cultural sectors and regions, emphasizing the importance of a supportive regulatory environment and efficient administrative structures. Through international comparisons, it reveals significant disparities in cultural funding and the diverse approaches adopted by different governments. The analysis underscores the need for comprehensive data and a nuanced understanding of cultural policy to inform effective and equitable public support for the arts and cultural heritage.