The methods of salt production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as revealed through archaeological and ethnographic studies, offer rich insights into historical and cultural practices. These methods reflect a complex interplay between ecological factors and cultural beliefs. Archaeological evidence suggests that early communities in the Central Balkans recognized the economic potential of salt-rich areas, relying on natural evaporation processes and trade networks for salt procurement. Although direct evidence of Neolithic salt production is sparse, the ecological conditions and dietary needs of early farmers underscore its value. Ethnographic data further highlights salt’s significance, illustrating its role in daily life and rituals. Over time, salt production evolved from simple boiling techniques to more sophisticated industrial processes, impacting both technology and the environment. However, the unchecked exploitation of salt resources led to environmental challenges, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices. Collectively, the findings discussed here enhance our understanding of the dynamic relationship between human societies and their natural resources.