Anatolia, the westernmost extension of Asia, contains some of the largest salt reserves in the region. Inhabited as early as the Paleolithic, the human and animal inhabitants of this area have utilized this mineral in the forms of rock salt, spring salt, and salt licks for millennia. Salt has been exploited and traded for dietary purposes, utilized in various crafts, and held significant importance in the ritual practices of Anatolian settlers for ages. This chapter examines the long-term, multifaceted role of salt in Türkiye by synthesizing geological, archaeological, ethnoarchaeological, and textual data. Drawing on examples from prehistoric, protohistoric, and contemporary Anatolia, it explores the enduring role of salt within the region’s broader socioeconomic context.