The widespread use of plastics is essential in modern life but raises significant environmental and health concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature. This chapter reviews the challenges of plastic pollution, starting with the environmental hazards of plastic production and disposal, including ecosystem disruption. It also highlights the impact of plastic waste on human health, particularly through microplastics and toxic chemical leaching. Sustainable solutions, such as biodegradable materials and circular economy principles, are explored as ways to address this issue. Furthermore, the chapter evaluates real-world plastic waste management strategies, noting successful practices and ongoing challenges in various regions. It concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated global efforts that combine science, policy, and community engagement to effectively tackle plastic pollution.