From Tradition to Practice: Investigating Wasta’s Bonding and Bridging Roles in Modern Saudi Networks
摘要
Wasta refers to the reliance on interpersonal relationships and connections, either directly or through an intermediary, to secure advantages in and outside the workplace. This study aims to capture individuals’ experiences with this phenomenon within the context of Saudi Arabia, specifically in universities. To explore the complexities of Wasta, this study follows a social capital approach and focuses primarily on the bonding and bridging functions of the networks in which Wasta operates. This paper employed a phenomenological approach, involving twelve interviews with academics, to investigate Wasta practices and perceptions within the participants’ workplaces. Although Islamic beliefs shape participants’ perceptions and portray Wasta as a negative practice, this study reveals that Wasta remains a powerful tool that influences decision-making processes in the university context. Wasta has evolved from being a practice that ensures solidarity and cohesiveness in strongly bonded networks to a mechanism that allows for bridges to other networks with new and unique resources. This study concluded that universities should adopt formal rules and implement them effectively to outlaw Wasta.