This research examines the progression of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices in the digital age by bibliometric analysis and comprehensive literature evaluation. Examining 1,406 journal articles published from 2012 to 2024, it delineates the evolving patterns and progress in ESG research shaped by digital and fintech developments. The research delineates pivotal publications, prominent authors, esteemed journals, and important contributing nations, while emphasizing critical historical clusters (2012–2016, 2017–2020, 2021–2024) to elucidate the primary focal areas of ESG practice evolution throughout time. The study offers significant insights into the influence of digital technologies and fintech on ESG practices by analyzing key contributions from each time and proposes avenues for further research. This integrated bibliometric and systematic review methodology enhances our comprehension of the influence of emerging technologies on ESG legislation and practices, so providing a substantial contribution to the academic dialogue around ESG in the digital age.