Ensuring sustainable irrigation water quality is vital for global food security, as agriculture relies on safe and efficient water management to support crop production and soil health. With increasing water scarcity and contamination risks worldwide, monitoring and optimizing irrigation water quality play a crucial role in sustaining agricultural productivity, protecting ecosystems, and adapting to climate change. The El-Salam Canal, a crucial irrigation project in Egypt, facilitates agricultural expansion by blending drainage water with Nile water to reclaim and cultivate new farmland while establishing a key developmental axis. This chapter adopts an integrative approach, combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate water quality in the canal and its associated drains—an essential factor in enhancing food security. The analysis revealed that pH levels in irrigation water samples ranged from 7.71 to 8.03, remaining within normal limits, while electrical conductivity (EC) varied from 0.46 to 2.62 dS/m, reflecting differences in salinity. Alkalinity indicators showed the following ranges: Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP): 30.22–51.22%, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR): 1.29–5.72 mmolc/L, adjusted SAR: 2.49–14.61 mmolc/L, adjusted R Na: 1.38–6.30 mmolc/L, and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP): 0.65–7.25%. Additionally, trace element concentrations in the water remained below recommended thresholds, and the permeability index averaged 62%, indicating suitable irrigation conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the water quality and soil suitability of the El-Salam Canal region, offering essential data for agricultural planning, irrigation management, and resource sustainability—all critical for bolstering Egypt’s food security and optimizing land use.