This chapter will focus on the family planning topics of abortion (pregnancy termination) and contraception (pregnancy prevention). While the options for contraception and techniques of abortion will be reviewed, it is critical to highlight how these essential healthcare services are not universally available to all individuals who seek them. The evolution of sexual and reproductive health and rights has not come without controversy, and while the medical information can be discussed factually, the development of reproductive rights needs to be analyzed as part of the wider social and political movements, ideologies, and religions. The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine supports the right of all individuals to access the full spectrum of reproductive health services (Reproductive Health Project for MFM), and this chapter aims to provide an overview of the recommended standard of care.