Antepartum and intrapartum fetal monitoring involve the surveillance of fetal status before and during labor, respectively. The primary objectives of antenatal testing are to reduce stillbirth rates and improve long-term neonatal outcomes. Antepartum surveillance is commonly integrated into obstetric practice in developed nations and uses non-invasive methods in the outpatient and inpatient settings. This chapter will discuss fetal surveillance and monitoring techniques, acquainting readers with epidemiology, biophysiological plausibility, and common terminology to facilitate safe and effective clinical adoption.