This chapter builds upon the previous chapter and evaluates the possibility of non-naturalistic alternatives that are equally compatible with the evolutionary paradigm. These arguments are developed from the perspective of the underdetermination of scientific research as has been extensively discussed in the philosophy of science. The two main types of underdetermination will be discussed and it will be shown how the issue of multiple different positions, all equally compatible with the evolutionary paradigm, should be analysed as an example of two empirically equivalent approaches to religion.