In this chapter, Dr Matthew Schuelka explores the question of educational purpose. This is a question, as Schuelka notes, that has implications not just in academia but is one that is intertwined with culture, politics, and socio-economic structures. Drawing from the work of Spindler and Spindler, Schuelka examines the notion of education (a cultural process) versus schooling (an institutionalised, future-oriented system). The idea that education serves multiple roles—including knowledge transfer, critical thinking, socialisation, economic mobility, and empowerment—is also discussed. Against this background, the question of inclusive education is raised. Schuelka points to the fact that, while education is often framed as a universal good, it has historically been exclusive, accessible to only a small elite. The education for all movement, says Schuelka, is relatively new in the context of a long (an unequal) human history. It is unsurprising, then, that it is ill-defined and, currently, poorly delivered. The question of ‘who is education for?’ is, as Schuelka states, a very important one to consider.