The chapter summarizes, discusses, and contextualizes findings regarding the role of U.S. soft power toward Germany. It also provides a preliminary analysis of Joe Biden’s presidency and an outlook for the future. All things considered, notable forces of attraction have shaped German-American relations for centuries. In fact, perhaps no other country has exerted such potent and consequential soft power over Germany as the United States. Throughout transatlantic history, multiple soft power shifts have occurred rather than a single transformation. Thus, a more fitting metaphor is not that of a soft power shift, but rather of a soft power pendulum—swinging back and forth over time, most notably in the past three decades under particular consideration here. Regarding recent developments, the chapter argues that Joe Biden’s 2021 inauguration marked yet another turning point in German-American relations and U.S. soft power—this time a more positive one after the turbulent Trump years. The chapter concludes by outlining and discussing seven key lessons on the role and future of soft power: (1) Soft power remains vital in world politics; (2) domestic stability is crucial for effective soft power projection; (3) increasing polarization has fragmented soft power, resulting in multiple competing soft powers; (4) personalities and leadership play a decisive role; (5) different soft power resources and instruments operate on varying time scales; (6) soft power is strongest when its different components reinforce one another; (7) soft power can easily be squandered if it is neglected or misused.

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Conclusions and Outlook

  • Hendrik W. Ohnesorge

摘要

The chapter summarizes, discusses, and contextualizes findings regarding the role of U.S. soft power toward Germany. It also provides a preliminary analysis of Joe Biden’s presidency and an outlook for the future. All things considered, notable forces of attraction have shaped German-American relations for centuries. In fact, perhaps no other country has exerted such potent and consequential soft power over Germany as the United States. Throughout transatlantic history, multiple soft power shifts have occurred rather than a single transformation. Thus, a more fitting metaphor is not that of a soft power shift, but rather of a soft power pendulum—swinging back and forth over time, most notably in the past three decades under particular consideration here. Regarding recent developments, the chapter argues that Joe Biden’s 2021 inauguration marked yet another turning point in German-American relations and U.S. soft power—this time a more positive one after the turbulent Trump years. The chapter concludes by outlining and discussing seven key lessons on the role and future of soft power: (1) Soft power remains vital in world politics; (2) domestic stability is crucial for effective soft power projection; (3) increasing polarization has fragmented soft power, resulting in multiple competing soft powers; (4) personalities and leadership play a decisive role; (5) different soft power resources and instruments operate on varying time scales; (6) soft power is strongest when its different components reinforce one another; (7) soft power can easily be squandered if it is neglected or misused.