In view of the medical and socioeconomic burdens posed by unintended pregnancy, there exists a dearth of male-directed contraceptive options available to couples today. To address this unmet need, male hormonal contraceptives have been in development, leveraging principles of male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis physiology to induce spermatogenic suppression. Investigators have encountered challenges in the developmental process including variable rates of sperm suppression, extended times needed to achieve sperm suppression and post-treatment recovery, and side effects associated with use of hormonal agents. In this chapter, we seek to review the foundational studies which have shaped the field, while highlighting novel methods that are currently under investigation.