This chapter focuses on the academic debate surrounding the European and international processes that have contributed to shaping the ‘global market of education and labour.’ It provides a discussion of the general and theoretical context within which neoliberalism has developed in the fields of education and labour policies. The chapter traces the theoretical foundations of this vision of society within the broader international framework that influences European policies, from the Bologna Process to the European Employment Strategy. Finally, it delves into the positions of various socio-economic groups and the related power dynamics in one of the most significant cases for analysing and understanding the development of neoliberal policies within the process of European integration, namely, the creation of the European Monetary Union.