Much like the “Endoscopic Revolution” of the 1980s and 1990s, followed by the “Laparoscopic Revolution” of the 2000s, surgery is currently amidst a “Robotic Revolution”. The practice of Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) has moved from the domain of pioneers and early adopters into the mainstream with robotic operating platforms widespread so many surgeons perform RAS. Surgical trainees now expect training on RAS to be part of their training curriculum, and regular articles on robotic surgery in the public domain, in the media. This chapter will sketch through some of the history of RAS then applications in clinical practice across various surgical specialties with a note on currently available robotic surgical systems and then highlight some challenges unique to RAS.