The implementation of integrated care and essentially every progress in the medical field depends above all on data, that is, health and patient data. Thus, harmonized and high standards of data protection regulations are crucial. The following chapter therefore focuses on the European data protection regime, in particular on health and patient data while also providing insights into the different kinds of data, the lawfulness of processing data, the main data subject rights, and the measures that controllers and processors of personal data have to comply with. In addition, this chapter looks at an aspect of integrated care where data protection considerations and measures are essential to ensure the secure processing of health data.