Sourced from silkworms, silk-based biomaterials offer a continuous and replenishable supply, promoting resource sustainability. Unlike the energy-intensive processing associated with synthetic materials, the production of silk generally involves lower environmental impact, encompassing reduced water usage and chemical inputs. Moreover, one of its key attributes lies in biodegradability, addressing concerns associated with the persistent environmental footprint of non-biodegradable materials. Silk’s versatility enhances its significance as a sustainable biomaterial. Its applications span a spectrum of industries, including medicine, textiles, and beyond. In the medical field, silk’s biocompatibility and ability to support tissue regeneration make it a valuable component in various implants, paving the way for advancements in regenerative medicine. Over time, its extraordinary features attracted the attention of many and its applications in drug delivery, biosensing and other allied biomedical fields are expanding. A comprehensive overview of how silk addresses sustainability issues in biomaterials and healthcare towards achieving sustainable development goals is presented herein.