This study leverages optimized context retrieval to enhance open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) for cost-effective, high performance healthcare AI. We demonstrate that this approach achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on medical question answering at a fraction of the cost of proprietary models, significantly improving the cost-accuracy Pareto frontier on the MedQA benchmark. Key contributions include: (1) OpenMedQA, a novel benchmark revealing a performance gap in open-ended medical QA compared to multiple-choice formats; (2) a practical, reproducible pipeline for context retrieval optimization; and (3) open-source resources ( Prompt Engine , CoT/ToT/Thinking databases) to empower healthcare AI development. By advancing retrieval techniques and QA evaluation, we enable more affordable and reliable LLM solutions for healthcare. All the materials have been made public here .

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Pareto-Optimized Open-Source LLMs for Healthcare via Context Retrieval

  • Jordi Bayarri-Planas,
  • Ashwin Kumar Gururajan,
  • Dario Garcia-Gasulla

摘要

This study leverages optimized context retrieval to enhance open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) for cost-effective, high performance healthcare AI. We demonstrate that this approach achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on medical question answering at a fraction of the cost of proprietary models, significantly improving the cost-accuracy Pareto frontier on the MedQA benchmark. Key contributions include: (1) OpenMedQA, a novel benchmark revealing a performance gap in open-ended medical QA compared to multiple-choice formats; (2) a practical, reproducible pipeline for context retrieval optimization; and (3) open-source resources ( Prompt Engine , CoT/ToT/Thinking databases) to empower healthcare AI development. By advancing retrieval techniques and QA evaluation, we enable more affordable and reliable LLM solutions for healthcare. All the materials have been made public here .