This chapter provides an overview of the research methods utilized in various capacities to conduct studies on food literacy. The chapter primarily draws insight from the studies mentioned in Chaps. 1 and 2 of this book to enable a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which food literacy is understood, studied, and defined within and beyond formal educational structures. As discussed, most of these studies have been conducted within the last ten years using a range of methodologies falling under the paradigm of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches and, in some instances, mixed-method research approaches. The chapter details some of these methods and approaches recurring across studies in the area and also highlights the methodological gaps as observed through the analysis of select studies. Besides the chapter also provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical frameworks and underpinnings utilized across specific studies alongside their contextual relevance while discussing the limited nature of engagement in the area of educational philosophy, which informs patterns of practices in food literacy, specifically at the school level.