Crimes that exploit the environment are highly lucrative and low-risk, and often take advantage of the lack of law enforcement and of corruption networks that link criminal actors with state agents. Land trafficking, understood as the illegal appropriation of public or private land for agricultural, urbanization, and forestry exploitation, has become one of the most profitable niches for transnational criminal organizations in South America, which usually use this type of crime to facilitate or conceal other crimes (e.g., drug trafficking). This chapter aims to explore the criminal convergence between organized crime and land trafficking in South America through the lens of eco-global criminology. In doing so, it discusses the theoretical limitations of the concept of transnational environmental crime (TEC) in considering land trafficking among its categorizations. Furthermore, the chapter examines the challenges and threats that such illicit activity poses to regional security, analyzing the rise of land trafficking in Brazil, Peru and Colombia as one of the main factors that has increased violence in rural areas, exacerbated the problem of land concentration in the region and contributed to land use change in South America.