Land and soil conservation measures and effective soil–water management in arable lands, as well as monitoring the actual situation are critical. The need for improved water management at the field scale through the adoption of more effective irrigation techniques is great due to the escalating climate instability, which multiplies the effects of traditional surface irrigation methods on land degradation on the one hand, and the rising crop yield demands from expanding populations on the other. Sustainable land use necessitates sustainable irrigation; nevertheless, each soil has a variable vulnerability to irrigation-induced degradation processes. Several scientists suggested a parametric evaluation approach for comparing different irrigation strategies on a certain land. It can be used to determine, which fields are particularly sensitive (e.g., to soil erosion) and, as a result, need to have their irrigation systems altered. Alternate furrow irrigation as well as other low-cost approaches like deficit irrigation and partial root drying can significantly enhance water use efficiency in the field. In addition, in the face of agricultural drought, examining soil–plant–water relationship is a critical step toward effective water management. In this context, soil physico-chemical and hydrological features have a greater impact on water availability in the soil and irrigation practices. Admittedly, in large size locations, intensive soil sampling is unaffordable and uneconomic. That's why a wide range of environmental and agricultural hydrological models such as PTFs, Splintex, LLWR, Hydrus, SWIM, etc., have created and applied to quantify and to integrate the most essential physical, chemical, and hydrological processes in the unsaturated soil zone. Also in recent years, machine learning methods such as ANN, SVM, logistic regression, DT, RF, and DL have also been widely used to determine soil water content. Moreover, understanding the spatial, temporal and seasonal variability in soil water retention qualities is essential for precision water inputs into especially arid and semi-arid cultivated soils. That’s why researchers have successfully developed geostatistics and interpolation methods integrated with GIS for spatial estimating soil hydraulic properties.