Yemen has a long and rich history of relying on indigenous rainwater harvesting (RWH) and agricultural systems. Until 50 years ago, Yemen had relied on and adapted entirely to the available and renewable water resources by using indigenous water harvesting systems. In the absence of lakes, rivers, and perennial surface water bodies, indigenous water systems had supported the livelihoods of local people, and helped to satisfy their water demands for different uses, domestic, agricultural, and livestock. After the 1970s, with the introduction of deep tube wells and rigs to Yemen, people started relying on groundwater for all their uses. Today, most groundwater basins in Yemen suffer from over-abstraction. Irrigated farming, particularly for qat production, uses more than 90% of the annually abstracted water. This resulted in groundwater levels declining at high unsustainable rates of as much as six meters per year. Yemen today is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. Therefore, this chapter aims at introducing and documenting the widely used indigenous water systems and exploring their importance for bridging the gap between supply and demand nationwide, and for satisfying water demands for local communities. In addition, the chapter investigates the legal framework and necessary regulations that encourage water users to go back to these indigenous practices and to relieve pressure on groundwater resources.