For new building construction near existing tracks, estimating train-induced ground-borne vibration transmission into the buildings is important to quantify the comfort of occupants within the buildings. Train-induced vibration levels at the tracks are needed to predict ground-borne vibration transmission through layered soils into the foundations and upper stories of buildings. Measured vibration levels at track elevation on the ties are often limited due to safety concerns and limited access. In addition, modeling transmission from the ties into the ground beneath the tracks is complicated. The method described herein involves free-field ground vibration measurements during train pass-bys at surface locations that are sufficiently far from the tracks or existing structures so that they are not affected by reflections from buildings or interference reflections off soil layers. Finite element models were developed that account for vibration transmission through layered soils from beneath the tracks to the free-field ground locations to “back calculate” vibration input levels during a pass-by at the ground’s surface under the tracks, rails, ties, ballast, and subgrade. Borehole measurements provided values for soil layer properties for use in finite element models. Average train-induced ground vibration levels under the tracks were estimated for trains in a metro depot in China. The ground vibration levels at the track are inputs to FE or other models of transmission through the ground into the building foundation and upper structures. The vibration input levels were used to estimate vibration transmission into a building in the metro depot in China.