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The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 a pandemic in 2020, with high mortality rates worldwide. SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, is an RNA virus that may lead to a cytokine storm, sepsis, and organ failure. A condition called post-COVID syndrome (PCS) can cause lasting morbidity without a recognized common mechanism. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid transporter, is produced in several tissues, such as the brain and liver, playing a pivotal role in the inflammatory response and endothelial repair in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Recently, it has been documented that APOE4 was associated with increased morbidity in patients with COVID-19 in a large UK population bank. In this chapter, we summarize the up-to-date literature on the role of apoE in COVID-19’s acute and long-term outcomes and effects during virus entry and infectivity. The relationship between APOE4 and the pathophysiology of COVID-19 was reviewed, along with the risks of long-term burden.

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ApoE and COVID-19 Risk and Long-Term Burden

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • José Wagner Leonel Tavares-Júnior,
  • Gabriella Cunha Vieira Ciurleo,
  • Reinaldo Oriá,
  • Pedro Braga-Neto

摘要

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 a pandemic in 2020, with high mortality rates worldwide. SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, is an RNA virus that may lead to a cytokine storm, sepsis, and organ failure. A condition called post-COVID syndrome (PCS) can cause lasting morbidity without a recognized common mechanism. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid transporter, is produced in several tissues, such as the brain and liver, playing a pivotal role in the inflammatory response and endothelial repair in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Recently, it has been documented that APOE4 was associated with increased morbidity in patients with COVID-19 in a large UK population bank. In this chapter, we summarize the up-to-date literature on the role of apoE in COVID-19’s acute and long-term outcomes and effects during virus entry and infectivity. The relationship between APOE4 and the pathophysiology of COVID-19 was reviewed, along with the risks of long-term burden.