Biomaterials-Based Additive Manufactured Products for In Situ Tissue Engineering
摘要
In situ, tissue engineering harnesses the body’s innate healing capabilities to repair damaged tissues and organs, a technique increasingly utilized for tissue regeneration. Customized scaffolds are vital in controlling the injury site microenvironment, guiding host stem/progenitor cell migration, and supporting tissue regrowth. This method proves effective by transforming the living body into a bioreactor, were natural biochemical and biophysical signals spur successful tissue and organ restoration. Crafting tissue-specific scaffolds accurately is essential for prompt and efficient tissue regeneration. Prominent additive manufacturing methods like stereolithography, fused deposition modelling, selective laser sintering, inkjet bioprinting, and laser-assisted bioprinting are pivotal in on-site tissue engineering for cartilage, bone, heart, liver, and skin tissues. Key processing parameters in 3D bioprinting utilizing hydrogel-based bioinks—such as viscosity, flow behaviour, flow rate, shear stress, viscoelasticity, nozzle size, and flow rate—affect print quality, structure stability, and cell vitality significantly. The potential of both natural and synthetic biopolymers like alginate, collagen, chitosan, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyurethane in scaffold production is studied extensively. These biopolymers offer suitable biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties for tissue engineering. Challenges such as variations between batches, standardizing parameters, and preserving cell vitality against shear stress are analysed rigorously. Future research focuses on boosting reproducibility and efficiency through enhanced material formulations and advanced bioprinting techniques, advancing personalized medicine and regenerative therapies.