Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action and the 2006 World Health Organization report on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), lots of discussions have taken place on the importance of SRHR, the need to adopt a rights-based approach to protecting SRHR, etc. Nonetheless, the discourse on SRHR needs to be grounded on a strong conceptual foundation to allow for informed and accurate analysis. Moreover, conversations must focus on properly identifying issues that fall under SRHR to allow for strategic advocacy for the protection of SRHR. Therefore, this chapter embarks on a descriptive analysis of what SRHR is to provide an understanding of what the concept is and its core components. Using a qualitative methodology and descriptive-analytical framework, the chapter conceptualises the different issues and provides the nuance around them. It establishes the interconnectedness amongst the core components of SRHR to show that addressing one while ignoring the other will not bode well for protecting women’s SRHR. The chapter notes the centrality of autonomy and freedom to understanding women’s sexual and reproductive health rights globally.