Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous, and vision-threatening disease. The complex interaction of aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors typically leads to progression of pathological changes in the central part of the retina. The characteristic lesions of AMD are called “drusen”, deposits of abnormal material such as lipids and proteins. Patients with early stages of the disease may initially experience difficulties in dimmed light and low-contrast situations. In advanced late stages, patients may experience metamorphopsia, distortion, and visual field defects to the point of complete central vision loss. Losing the ability to read, recognizing faces, and driving have a tremendous impact on the quality of life of patients affected by AMD late-stages. Current knowledge suggests that multiple pathways are involved in the pathogenesis, including lipid metabolism, immune system, oxidative stress response, and angiogenesis. Major efforts have been made to identify suitable targets and effective treatments to counteract, limit, and address the underlying mechanisms of AMD.