As a branch of criminology, victimology studies the rights, roles, and experiences of victims in the criminal justice system. This chapter examines important victimology ideas that provide different reasons for victimisation, such as positivist, critical, and radical viewpoints. While critical victimology questions the structural injustices and power structures that sustain victimisation, positivism places more emphasis on victim characteristics and contextual elements that make people more vulnerable. By addressing more extensive socio-political factors, such as state victimhood and institutional oppression, radical victimology expands on this criticism. The function of victim precipitation theory, which controversially implies that victims may have contributed to their victimisation, is also examined in this study. Lifestyle and routine activity hypotheses, on the other hand, emphasise behavioural and environmental elements that raise risk. Feminist victimology further emphasises that victimisation experiences are profoundly shaped by prevailing social norms and structural inequalities, such as patriarchal power dynamics, rigid gender roles, and socio-economic dependencies, all of which influence the recognition, response, and treatment of victims within institutional frameworks. From historical neglect to the emergence of victim advocacy, legal safeguards, and restorative justice methods, this chapter explores the development of victim rights. This study emphasises the necessity of a victim-centred approach in legal and psychological frameworks by examining the interaction between victimology ideas and policy development. In order to improve victim support and lessen future victimisation, the findings encourage a comprehensive understanding of victimisation that incorporates social justice, criminological analysis, and legislative reform.