In order to study the effect of sulfate dry-wet cycle-silica fume content on the corrosion performance of mortar, based on the typical corrosion environment in western China, an experimental study on the effect of different silica fume content on the apparent state, mass loss and compressive strength of mortar under dry-wet-sulfate coupling environment was carried out. At the same time, the mortar durability evolution equation was established based on the Wiener random process, and the service life prediction model of mortar under sulfate dry-wet cycle was established to quantitatively characterize the corrosion effect and the degradation damage degree of mortar performance caused by silica fume content. The research results show that with the increase of sulfate dry-wet cycle times, the apparent state of mortar deteriorates significantly, and the relative strength and mass loss of mortar show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing; under the experimental conditions, the silica fume content is proportional to the relative strength and mass change of mortar. At the same time, the mortar durability model constructed based on the Wiener random process theory can predict the damage process of mortar (three-stage degradation characteristics). Based on the prediction results, it can be seen that the limit dry-wet cycle times of mortar under 6%, 8% and 10% silica fume content are 1.04, 1.26 and 1.63 times that of 0%, respectively. The research results can provide reference for the study of the corrosion resistance of concrete in corrosive areas.