Advanced heart failure reflects a late-stage heart disease when patients present with severe impairment of functional capacity despite optimum medical therapy. They also suffer repeated episodes of cardiac decompensation requiring hospitalization and in some cases the need for mechanical circulatory support or even cardiac transplantation. Early recognition of the transition to advanced heart failure is of great importance for timely selection of tailored therapeutic options and improving survival and prognosis.

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Echocardiography in Advanced Heart Failure

  • Francesca M. Righini,
  • Luca Martini,
  • Matteo Lisi,
  • Matteo Cameli,
  • Michael Y. Henein

摘要

Advanced heart failure reflects a late-stage heart disease when patients present with severe impairment of functional capacity despite optimum medical therapy. They also suffer repeated episodes of cardiac decompensation requiring hospitalization and in some cases the need for mechanical circulatory support or even cardiac transplantation. Early recognition of the transition to advanced heart failure is of great importance for timely selection of tailored therapeutic options and improving survival and prognosis.