To strive for longevity has been an ambition for human beings throughout history. Already in the ancient ayurvedic medicine, treatments to restore youth and to attain longevity were flourishing. And while many defined aging as a subjugating disease, the Greek physician Galen framed ageing as a natural process framed ageing as a natural process that could be delayed through preventive measures such as diet and exercise. Due to extraordinary scientific discoveries and rapid advances in clinical medicine during the past decades, many diseases that were considered mortal are now curable or can be prevented all together. Public health measures have led to stark shifts in global demography with a drastic increase in the number of older people. Hence, and increasing amount of attention is today given to health optimization and to combatting age related conditions. Indeed, Galen’s holistic approach to optimizing the «healthspan»—the length of time a person enjoys optimal health—is gaining tremendous momentum. It is therefore hardly surprising, that longevity medicine has become a global megatrend. Albeit longevity medicine being an emerging force that is likely to have a significant impact on our social fabric, financial systems and population health, the interpretation and definition of longevity medicine varies widely. In this chapter, the reader will learn about the evolution and definitions of preventive and longevity medicine, and the difference between healthspan and lifespan. In order to understand longevity medicine, the reader will also be introduced to hallmarks and biomedical drivers of aging. As we are witnessing a shift of health systems from mainly reactive “sickcare” to proactive “healthcare”, this chapter will further examine current medical trends that are leading the way in age-related processes and illnesses. Finally, the reader will be introduced to future perspectives and the power of advancements in biomedicine, digitalization and AI on longevity medicine.