As a key sector in Kenya’s economy, agriculture is threatened by the changing climate over the years, which has negatively influenced productivity. As a result, farmer adaptation methods are now widely acknowledged as essential and vital responses to the threat posed by present and future climate changes. The objectives of this study were to examine farmers’ perceptions of current and anticipated climate change and the consequences on their livelihood activities, identify both current and potential future adaptation strategies adopted in response to climate changes, and analyze the factors influencing farmers’ selection of these strategies. A total of 2 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 240 structured interviews within Subukia sub-County were carried out. The findings of this study highlight increased climate variability, with hot temperatures and strong sun creating significant stress for farmers in the study area. Key adaptation strategies employed by farmers included early planting, livestock rearing, planting short-season crops, tree planting, irrigation, and engaging in off-farm activities. The study also found that factors such as group membership, remittances, access to irrigation, and access to climate information, education level, and primary income source influenced the choice of adaptation strategies. Furthermore, land size and group membership were key factors influencing the number of new livelihood activities adopted by farmers. In conclusion, fostering group membership, improving access to climate information, expanding irrigation systems, and promoting tree planting are essential steps to strengthen farmers’ resilience to climate change.