A 54-year-old man presents at the Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation for an assessment of his physical fitness. His wife gave him a voucher for a physical fitness check as a birthday present since he has never had an assessment of his physical fitness before. He is a carpenter and reports to be healthy and free of symptoms. Two years ago, he had a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction of the anterior wall. The left descending artery had been treated with a drug-eluting stent in the local cardiology department. On presentation, he reports no angina or other cardiac disorders. The patient smokes one pack of cigarettes per day (30 pack years). Both of his parents are still alive; his father is 76 years old and suffers from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas his 75-year-old mother has no known disorders. Neither his two brothers nor his sister has any cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and his two sons who are 27 and 30 years old are also healthy. He reports 30–45 min of jogging once a week, and his present medication includes 100 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, a beta-blocker (metoprolol 50 mg 1/2-0-0), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ramipril 2.5 mg 1-0-0), and a statin (simvastatin 40 mg 0-0-1).