All cardiovascular patients in a stable clinical stage are recommended to participate in supervised, individually adapted exercise training as part of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ebCR). The ebCR aim to positively influence disease progression and prognosis. This is most successfully achieved in patients with coronary heart disease and ist patological consequences and in patients with chronic heart failure. Numerous studies have demonstrated the success of ebCR in improving symptom-free exercise capacity and quality of life for various cardiovascular diseases. To ensure safe and effective, individually tailord exercise training, a careful clinical evaluation and risk stratification is mandatory. Individual exercise recommendation should be prescribed based on this clinical assessment. Aerobic endurance training is a core component of ebCR. The resulting improvements in physical performance and symptom-free exercise capacity in every day life are of great importance for the patients quality of life and prognosis. Further exercise components of ebCR are resistence training and gymnastics, including exercises for coordination, flexibility, mobility and strength, as well as perception training. For patients diagnosed with frailty or physical limitation, specific exercise elements for fall prenvention and improving mobility and participation should be part of the exercise program. Muscle strength and endurance are key components of physical fitness, and a minimum level is required to maintain the ability to perform everyday activities and functional independance in old age and/or in the event of illnessrelated impairments. This can be achieved with the support of individually tailored resistance training. This chapter summarizs the most important scientific findings and the recommendations from intenational guidelines on exercise trainings in ebCR.