The complexity, heterogeneity, and poor prognosis of brain tumors present a substantial challenge in oncology, necessitating the continuous development of therapeutic modalities. With developments in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), radiotherapy (RT) remains the foundation of brain tumor treatment. Personalized techniques, which are driven by radiogenomics, integrate genetic profiling with radiotherapy to predict individual tumor activity and optimize treatment planning. This is demonstrated by the utilization of biomarkers such as IDH mutations and MGMT methylation levels. Advancements in imaging technologies, such as functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), PET, and hybrid modalities like PET-MRI, have significantly altered the visualization of malignancies. This has enabled real-time adaptive interventions with exceptional spatial accuracy. Nevertheless, these developments, the underlying radioresistance, and tumor microenvironmental problems of recurrent and metastatic brain cancers still provide a treatment challenge. Emerging approaches such as tumor-treating fields (TTFs), AI-powered adaptive radiotherapy, and RT combined with immunotherapy provide promising options. These advancements underscore the transformative potential of radiotherapy in mitigating therapeutic limitations, although significant challenges persist in accessibility, cost, and treatment resistance. Overcoming these obstacles and releasing the full possibilities of tailored radiation depend on the combination of translational research and multidisciplinary approaches. This chapter presents a thorough examination of technology advances, clinical insights, and future perspectives in radiation for brain tumors, stressing its critical role in increasing patient survival and quality of life.