Modern radiotherapy techniques achieve better tumor coverage and greater sparing of organs at risk (OARs), reinforcing the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) deliver radiation to the targeted volumes with better conformity compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Coupled with image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), IMRT and VMAT ensure high precision in radiotherapy delivery. Motion and breathing management techniques have found a particularly useful application in early lung cancer treatment with the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). These techniques enable the irradiation of a target that continuously moves during breathing, while limiting excess irradiation of the healthy lung parenchyma, permitting the delivery of high, stereotactic doses to the lung primary tumor. SBRT improves rates of local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) in inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to conventional radiotherapy. SBRT is an established alternative to surgery, in early lung cancer. Radiotherapy can also be used with curative intent postoperatively for selected patients, as part of a radical chemoradiation approach for locally advanced disease, and as a metastasis-directed treatment for selected oligometastatic patients. The synergy of modern radiotherapy with immunotherapy has increased the OS of locally advanced lung cancer patients, and its combination with systemic treatments is currently being further investigated. In the palliative setting, advanced radiotherapy techniques offer improved quality of life. Radiation oncologists are an integral part of the multidisciplinary team for the management of lung cancer at all stages of the disease.