Maternal and child nutrition (MCN) is a critical determinant of individual and population health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This chapter provides an overview of the multifaceted challenges associated with MCN in LMICs. The first section of this chapter explores how nutrition influences maternal and child health. It highlights the foundational role nutrition plays in shaping the health outcomes of mothers and their children, impacting not only immediate well-being but also the long-term trajectory of growth, development, and overall life quality. The chapter then proceeds to explore the issues confronting MCN, including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency, suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices, and family planning. This is followed by a discussion around the complex interplay of factors influencing MCN at various levels to help address the root causes of malnutrition and make progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There is an urgent need for a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to address MCN in LMICs, and by understanding the determinants, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities can collaborate to design and implement effective strategies that contribute to the well-being and prosperity of future generations in LMICs.