This chapter explores the complexity of measuring financial competence, emphasizing the construct’s cognitive and non-cognitive facets. Financial competence, a multi-dimensional construct, encompasses not only knowledge about personal finance but also the attitudes, personal financial preferences, decision-making processes, and behaviours, that influence financial outcomes. The chapter reviews various measurement instruments used in research about personal financial education, detailing how these instruments assess the cognitive and non-cognitive dimensions of financial competence. It highlights the challenges posed by the diversity of financial constructs, as well as the variability in how these constructs are defined, measured, and applied across different demographic groups. The chapter underscores the difficulties in comparing and generalising results from different studies by examining what part of financial competence and its related components is measured, how it is measured, and who is measured. The review also emphasizes the need for more comprehensive tools that simultaneously assess cognitive knowledge and non-cognitive factors, such as financial behaviours and attitudes, to better capture the full scope of financial competence. This work aims to guide future research and improve the effectiveness of financial education by offering a clearer understanding of measurement complexities and promoting the development of more holistic assessment instruments.