The paper conducts an ex-post analysis of the impact of large-scale transportation projects on the gross domestic product (GDP) in various countries. An analysis of existing studies is presented, revealing that while some research supports the notion that large-scale transportation projects influence economic growth, other studies refute this hypothesis or demonstrate limited economic impact, with possible negative effects on other aspects of life. Various factors influencing the efficiency of such projects are examined. To confirm the relationship between large-scale transportation projects and GDP, a regression analysis was conducted between regional gross product and fixed assets of transportation organizations across the regions and Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. The study confirmed the hypothesis of a strong positive linear relationship between these two factors. Specifically, it was found that regions such as the Republic of Tuva, the Altai Republic, and the Republic of Ingushetia have almost no transportation infrastructure, which hinders their economic development. It was also revealed that regions with higher levels of fixed assets in transportation generate more regional gross product. In other words, the construction of transportation infrastructure for production creates conditions for economic development and increases the overall growth rate of the country’s GDP.