The main aim of the research was to show the gap in previous research on the practical application of AI in science education and the acceptance by University students of AI-assisted learning in a world of growing application possibilities. The authors focused on a review of the reports, with particular emphasis on research conducted in 2021–2024 about the possibilities and effectiveness of the use of AI in subject education. The analyses carried out showed that researchers mostly consider the technical aspects of AI in education. The second group of articles discusses factors that enhance students’ motivation to learn and their active participation in cognitive processes. However, most tools are not conducive to the development of students’ metacognitive competences and reinforce the behaviorist model based on instructional teaching and reinforcement (most often positive). The reflection on students’ learning experiences with AI-enhanced learning was supported by surveys conducted among 60 students of science and technical faculties. The results indicate a low level of acceptance of the use of AI in secondary and higher education by students of natural sciences.